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Egg Candling:
All incubated eggs will
not hatch. It is probable that only 90 percent or less
of incubated eggs are fertile. Removal of
eggs that can be identified as infertile
or dead eliminates possible sources of contamination from
the incubator. Candling can be used to identify
some of these eggs.
Shining a light through the egg to observe embryo development
is called "candling." White or
pale eggs are more easily candled than dark
or speckled eggs. Many people use small flashlights
with lenses the size of a nickel that can be focused to
candle eggs. Excellent candlers also can
be purchased at a reasonable cost. Simple candling devices
can be made by inserting a light into a container and
cutting a small hole to emit light, or by taping a cone
formed from several thick- nesses of paper over the lens
of a bright light projector. The hole that allows light
to pass from the tip of the cone should be the size of
a dime or quarter (depending upon the size of the egg).
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In a dark room, hold the egg to the light of the candler
to observe the contents of the egg. Cooling that occurs
for short periods (less than 10 minutes) during careful
examination of eggs does not harm the development
of the embryo. However, limit the exposure of the egg
to the hot light source. Even a brief period at 104
degrees F kills all embryos..
The presence of embryos can be confirmed easily after
8 days to 12 days of incubation. The embryo is
located in the large end of the egg, where blood
vessels radiate under the surface of the shell. The
embryo appears as a dark spot that becomes larger as
incubation progresses. Eventually only a dark
mass and the air cell are seen. An infertile or unincubated
egg brightly transmits light in comparison. Remove
infertile or nongrowing eggs from the incubator.
If questions arise about candling, contact someone
with experience for advice.
Dead embryos will sometimes appear as a ring or smear
of blood in the egg or a dark spot dried to the
inside of the shell. The living embryo will appear as
a dark spot in the large end of the egg surrounded
by a faint outline of blood vessels. The blood vessels
will appear firm and distinct. After embryo death, the
embryo no longer grows and the blood system fades.
Retain records of egg infertility or embryo
death. Some mortality can be expected, however,
unusual occurrences of mortality or certain characteristics
of the mortality can be indicators of practices that
can be corrected to improve hatchability.
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Stages in chick embryo development
 Chick embryos that have been incubated for approximately 48, 72 and 96 hours after fertilization will be available for you to examine. However, specimens of similar ages post-fertilization may show a wide variation of maturation stages. The incubation times provide only an estimation of how far development of the embryo will have progressed. The temperature of incubation (which may be different among eggs depending on their locations within the incubator), as well as the rate of growth of the individual embryo itself will affect the overall ..... More Description about incubation periods, sizes, eggs in clutch
Valuable Information For The Beginner To The Most Advanced Breeder (Collection of Books, videos, etc)
Incubator setting for parrot/parakeets
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